Cosmetic

1203) What is the incidence of rhytidectomy flap necrosis in smokers?

A. It is increased 2 times
B. It is increased 5 times
C. It is increased 9 times
D. It is increased 12 times
E. It is increased 18 times




REFERENCES & ANSWER






Perkins S. W., Waters H. H., in Rhytidectomy chapter 14 in Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (Papel Ira D.,editor), Fourth Edition, Thieme, 2016, pp. 139-158

Adamson P. , Moran ML., Complications of cervicofacial rhytdectomy, Facial Plastic Surgery Clini North America 1993; 112 pp. 257-270




1303) D       It is increased 12 times